Trafalgar Square sits right in the heart of London, connecting some of the city's most famous streets and attractions. If you're planning a trip to London or just curious about this historic landmark, here's everything you need to know.
What Is Trafalgar Square?
Trafalgar Square is a large public square in central London. Built in the 1840s, it honors the British naval victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The square covers about 12 acres and serves as both a tourist attraction and a gathering place for Londoners.
The centerpiece is Nelson's Column, a 169-foot monument featuring Admiral Horatio Nelson who led the British fleet to victory. Four bronze lion sculptures guard the base of the column, and these lions have become symbols of London itself.
Why Trafalgar Square Matters
This square isn't just another tourist spot. It holds genuine cultural and historical significance for Britain. The location marks the official center of London, where all distances from the capital are measured.
Throughout history, political demonstrations, celebrations, and public gatherings have taken place here. From New Year's Eve celebrations to protests and rallies, Trafalgar Square has witnessed major moments in British history.
The square also connects you to several important London landmarks. The National Gallery sits on the north side, while Whitehall and the route to Buckingham Palace extend from the south.
How to Get There
Getting to Trafalgar Square is straightforward:
- Tube: Charing Cross station (Northern and Bakerloo lines) is the closest, just a two-minute walk away
- Bus: Multiple bus routes stop at or near the square, including routes 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 23, 24, 87, 91, 139, and 176
- Train: Charing Cross railway station is nearby for those coming from outside London
- Walking: The square is easily accessible on foot from Leicester Square, Piccadilly Circus, and Covent Garden
The square itself is free to visit and open 24 hours a day.
Key Features Worth Seeing
Nelson's Column
The main attraction stands at 169 feet tall. Four Trafalgar Square lions made of bronze sit at the base. Each lion weighs seven tons and was cast from melted-down cannons. Visitors love taking photos with these iconic sculptures.
The Fountains
Two large fountains sit on either side of the square. Originally built in the 1840s, they were redesigned in the 1930s. The fountains light up at night, creating a beautiful display.
The Fourth Plinth
Three corners of the square have permanent statues. The fourth plinth remained empty for over 150 years. Since 1999, it has displayed rotating contemporary art installations, changing every few years. This tradition has made the fourth plinth one of London's most talked-about art spaces.
The National Gallery
This world-class art museum overlooks the square from the north side. Entry is free, and it houses over 2,300 paintings dating from the 13th to early 20th centuries.
Tips for Visiting
Best Time to Visit: Early morning offers fewer crowds and better photo opportunities. Late afternoon provides nice lighting for pictures. Avoid major events if you prefer a quieter experience.
Photography Spots: The steps of the National Gallery give you an elevated view of the entire square. Standing near the fountains provides good angles of Nelson's Column with the lions in frame.
Free Activities: Besides exploring the square itself, you can visit the National Gallery for free. St Martin-in-the-Fields church on the northeast corner also offers free entry and sometimes hosts free lunchtime concerts.
Nearby Attractions: You can easily walk to Leicester Square, Covent Garden, Big Ben, and the London Eye from here. Plan to explore the surrounding area on the same day.
Facts About Trafalgar Square
- The square took about 20 years to complete, finishing in 1845
- Nelson's Column was actually built before the square itself was finished
- The lions weren't added until 1867, designed by artist Edwin Landseer
- Over 15 million people visit annually
- The Christmas tree displayed each December is a gift from Norway, thanking Britain for support during World War II
- Pigeons used to flock here by the thousands until feeding them was banned in 2003
Benefits of Including It in Your London Trip
Trafalgar Square makes an excellent meeting point because of its central location. You'll find public restrooms, plenty of seating, and clear signage pointing to other attractions.
The square works well as a rest stop during a busy day of sightseeing. You can sit by the fountains, grab food from nearby cafes, and plan your next move.
For culture lovers, having the National Gallery right there adds significant value. You can split your time between outdoor and indoor activities without traveling far.
Pros and Cons
Pros:
- Completely free to visit
- Central location with excellent transport links
- Rich history and beautiful architecture
- Great photo opportunities
- Close to many other attractions
Cons:
- Can get very crowded, especially during summer and holidays
- Limited shade on hot days
- Street performers and crowds may feel overwhelming
- No grass areas for sitting
- Pickpockets target busy tourist areas
Events and Celebrations
The square hosts various events throughout the year. New Year's Eve celebrations attract huge crowds. Cultural festivals, film screenings, and seasonal markets also take place here.
Check the official Westminster Council website before visiting to see if any events are scheduled. Some events require tickets or have restricted access to certain areas.
Safety and Practical Information
Trafalgar Square is generally safe, but stay aware of your surroundings. Keep bags close and be cautious with phones and cameras in crowded situations.
Public restrooms are available near the square, though they may have queues during busy periods. Several cafes and restaurants around the perimeter also welcome visitors.
The square is fully accessible for wheelchair users, with ramps and level surfaces throughout most areas.
Final Thoughts
Trafalgar Square deserves a spot on your London itinerary. Whether you spend 15 minutes taking photos or an hour soaking in the atmosphere, it offers a genuine taste of London's character.
The combination of history, art, and location makes it more than just another landmark. It's a living space where locals and tourists mix, where modern art meets Victorian architecture, and where you can truly feel the pulse of the city.
Visit early if you want peaceful exploration, or come during an event to experience the square's energy at full capacity. Either way, you'll understand why this space has remained central to London life for nearly 200 years.